Cyber Threat Index Score by Country
Cyber Threat Index Score by Industry
Country
Insights and Recommendations
Imperva’s cloud networks, the same network that gathers the data behind our Cyber Threat Index, also powers the suite of products that protects our customers from those attacks every day. Start by reading our expert analysis on this month’s most significant insights, and then click to take action below.
Imperva research reveals a concerning trend where malicious Python packages on the PyPI repository are being exploited to hijack Telegram user sessions. These packages, disguised as legitimate color formatting libraries, contain code that silently exfiltrates the victim's Telegram Desktop session data from the 'tdata' folder. This session data includes authentication tokens, allowing attackers to access the victim's Telegram account without reauthentication. Once compromised, these accounts are sold on dark web marketplaces, facilitating identity theft, spam campaigns, and unauthorized access to private communications. The ease of exploitation and the anonymity provided by the dark web make this a significant threat to Telegram users.
Take action:
For more information about malicious PyPI packages, see this blog.
A massive 10.5 million requests per second (RPS) application-layer DDoS attack targeted a Turkish luxury retail site, causing significant disruption in just nine minutes. Using 6,486 unique IP addresses, the attackers flooded the site with an overwhelming volume of requests, surpassing 10 million RPS in a short span. The timing of the attack- aligned with a sales promotion- suggests that the perpetrators aimed to maximize financial disruption and was potentially conducted by rivals with an interest in disrupting business. Luxury retailers are particularly vulnerable to these types of attacks due to their high-value transactions and reliance on digital platforms for consumer engagement. This attack highlights the growing risks for e-commerce platforms, particularly in regions with heightened political or economic significance.
Take action:
Imperva DDoS Protection secures all your assets at the edge for uninterrupted operation.
Last month, a major retail site based in the United States was targeted by a large-scale account takeover (ATO) attack, which resulted in over 7 million requests within just one day. The attackers leveraged brute-force techniques, attempting to gain unauthorized access to user accounts by systematically testing numerous login credentials. The attack originated from more than 200,000 distinct IP addresses, which suggests a highly coordinated effort to bypass the site's security defenses. Account takeover attacks like this often aim to steal valuable customer information, such as personal details, payment data, and loyalty points, or to use compromised accounts for fraudulent purchases.
Take action:
Imperva Account Takeover prevention uses multi-layered detection to block fraud.
Imperva has proactively defended its customers from the critical CVE-2025-31161 vulnerability in CrushFTP, a widely used file transfer server. This flaw, identified in versions 10.0.0 through 10.8.3 and 11.0.0 through 11.3.0, stems from a race condition in the AWS4-HMAC (S3-compatible) authorization method within CrushFTP’s HTTP component. Exploiting this vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to bypass authentication mechanisms, potentially gaining unauthorized administrative access to the system. Since March 2025, the vulnerability has been actively exploited thousands of times, with attackers leveraging publicly available proof-of-concept code to compromise vulnerable servers. Imperva's security measures have effectively mitigated this threat, ensuring that its customers remain protected against potential exploits. Organizations using CrushFTP are advised to upgrade to the latest versions to safeguard their systems against this and other emerging vulnerabilities.
Take action:
For more information about CVE-2025-31161, see this blog.
Application Security Threats
Understand how applications are attacked globally. Learn the types of attacks and the vulnerabilities exploited.
Application Security Highlights
With visibility into global web application traffic from different industries, the Cyber Threat Index is a comprehensive look at application security.
Total Number of Requests Analyzed
Total Number of Application Attacks Blocked
Origin of Web Threats
This map reflects the relative amount of attacks per country, after normalizing the number of attacks with legitimate traffic. Hover mouse over the countries to see data.
Country vs Country Heatmap
This heatmap shows attacks where countries are the source (attackers) or destination (attacked) of application security attacks. The number represents a relative, normalized value.
Cyber Attack Types
Breakdown of attack attempts seen in our network, split by attack types.
Cyber Attacks by Source
Breakdown of attack attempts seen in our network, split by the source of the attacking traffic.
Automated vs Human Attacks
Shows the proportion of bot and human traffic identified as performing attacks within all observed traffic.
Attacks Observed by Tool Used
Shows the breakdown of attacks in our network by the type of tool used by attackers.
Vulnerabilities by Severity
Shows the number of disclosed vulnerabilities for every day of the month. These vulnerabilities are separated by severity. Includes both CVE (Common Vulnerabilities & Exposure) and ‘Non-CVEs’.
Vulnerabilities by ‘Exploitability’
Breakdown of vulnerabilities disclosed by the “exploitability” (e.g. whether there is a published exploit) of the disclosed vulnerability.
Vulnerabilities by Attack Type
Shows the breakdown of attack types for the published vulnerabilities.
Data Security Threats
Understand how databases are attacked and make sense of the vulnerabilities on different platforms.
Vulnerabilities by Severity
In the following chart you can see the disclosed vulnerabilities for every day of the month. We separate them by their severity. This includes both CVE (Common Vulnerabilities & Exposure) and ‘Non-CVEs’.
Low Severity
Vulnerabilities
Medium Severity
Vulnerabilities
HIGH Severity
Vulnerabilities
DDoS Threats
Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks take a business offline. Understand which industries and countries suffer the most and the different types of DDoS attacks. Learn about the duration, size, and volume of DDoS attacks.
DDoS Attacks Highlights
Understand the duration of the longest attack. Know the size and volume of the largest DDoS attacks. Learn more about DDoS here.
Longest DDoS
attack
Largest Web Application
DDoS attack
Largest Bandwidth Network
Layer DDoS Attack
Highest Volume Network
Layer DDoS Attack
Application Layer DDoS Attack
Shows the volume of Application Layer attacks for each day of the month by the maximum total requests per second (RPS) blocked by our DDoS mitigation service.
DDoS Attacks by Attacked Country
Breakdown of DDoS attacks by the attacked country.
DDoS Attacks by Attacked Industry
Breakdown of DDoS attacks by the attacked industry.
Network Layer DDoS Attack
Network layer attacks look to overwhelm the target by exhausting the available bandwidth. Shows the attacks by their bandwidth and by volume.
Network Layer Attack Volume (Gbps) by Vector
Breakdown of bandwidth volume (Gigabits per second) by the vector used in network layer DDoS attacks.
Network Layer Attack Rates (Mpps) by Vector
Breakdown of attack rates (Mega packets per second) by the vector used in network layer DDoS attacks.
Take The Next Step
Every month we update the Cyber Threat Index with the latest data and charts. Please contact us for additional insight or to interview the threat researchers from the Imperva Research Lab.
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What is the Cyber Threat Index?
The Cyber Threat Index is a monthly measurement and analysis of the global cyber threat landscape across data and applications.
The Cyber Threat Index provides an easy-to-understand score to track cyber threat level consistently over time, as well as observe trends. The data is (when applicable) also analyzed by industry and by country, to provide further analytics and insights.
The Cyber Threat Index is calculated using data gathered from all Imperva sensors across the world including over:
- Over 25 monthly PBs (Peta Bytes1015) of network traffic passed through our CDN
- 30 billions (109) of monthly Web application attacks, across 1 trillion (10¹²) of HTTP requests analyzed by our Web Application Firewall service (Cloud WAF)
- Hundreds of monthly application and database vulnerabilities, as processed by our security intelligence aggregation from multiple sources
Viewers of the global Cyber Threat Index can dive deeper into the score & drill-down for individual industries and countries, and also view historic Index scores.
On a monthly basis, our security experts are analyzing the data, to create insights about events and trends in data & application security based on the data we see. When applicable, we may also suggest recommendations for enhancing the security posture against the threats we see.
How is the index calculated?
The index is based on a number of ingredients: network traffic, attack traffic and vulnerabilities.
We store attack data, as well as statistics about the network traffic we see from our Cloud WAF. This data is sent from our Cloud WAF proxies to our data warehouse, where it is enriched & aggregated.
On a daily basis, we run analytics on the data we collect, to calculate a daily risk score per site, per industry & per country.
Vulnerabilities
When calculating the vulnerabilities’ risk, our assessment is that:
- The more severe the vulnerability – the higher the risk (Impact can be larger, for example: taking over a server vs disclosing system information)
- The more recent the vulnerability – the higher the risk (The assumption is that patching of systems takes time, therefore there will be more vulnerable systems accessible)
- If there is a public exploit, the risk is higher as more attackers has the ability to exploit the vulnerability, and the more wide-spread it is the higher the risk.
DDoS Attacks
We store statistics on both network DDoS attacks and application DDoS attacks.
Network DDoS attack statistics include details about the duration of the attack, the volume of the attacks, number of sources and their proportion in the attack, different ports and methods (e.g. SYN flood, amplification etc.). These statistics are calculated and stored for attacks both in terms of packet per second and in terms of bytes per second.
Application DDoS (Layer 7 DDoS attacks) statistics include information about the duration of the attack, the volume of the attack, the tools that were used and the different countries it originated from in terms of requests per second.
We normalize all DDoS attacks statistics against the statistics we have about legitimate traffic, to prevent bias for increased/decreased amount of assets we protect (Globally or for a certain industry/country).
Application Security Attacks (As seen in the wild)
At first, instead of dealing with a huge amount of daily attacking requests, we aggregate them into attacks (Each attack can have a very large number of HTTP requests as part of it). For each attack, we check:
- The highest risk level of triggered rule within that attack (For example: an SQL Injection attack has more weight than an information disclosure attack).
- The higher the intensity of the attack, the higher the risk.
- The newer the mitigation, the riskier the attack (We constantly add mitigations to our cloud WAF, and the assumption is that newer attacks has more success ratio than older ones).
For the analytics and insights we provide, we also enrich the data, for example:
- Adding target industry classification for the applications being attacked.
- Adding source & target countries.
- Adding source network types (For example: public cloud, TOR, etc).
The risk is then calculated by removing the lowest-risk attacks, as they’re meaningless in terms of added risk, and determining the risk is done by normalizing attack traffic against normal traffic. The logic to this normalization is that we don’t want the index to be affected by increased/decreased traffic (For example: if we have 20% more traffic due to new customers in a certain month, we don’t want it to affect the risk index).
